Observations of a radio-quiet solar preflare
by A. Benz et al.*
A substantial fraction of the flare energy (as observed e.g. in bolometric luminosity) first appears in non-thermal electrons and ions (Emslie et al. 2012). It implies that the particles are efficiently accelerated to a non-Maxwellian velocity distribution. Most of the non-thermal electrons have energies in the 10 – 30 keV range, but some are accelerated beyond 100 keV and radiate gyro-synchrotron radio emission. Nearly all of the flare energy is […]