Are Solar Energetic Particle Events and Type II Bursts Associated with Fast and Narrow Coronal Mass Ejections?
by S. W. Kahler et al.*
Gradual solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle (SEP) events, lasting several days, are produced in coronal/interplanetary shocks driven by fast (VCME ≥ 900 kms−1) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with type II radio bursts. The basic paradigm is that CMEs with VCME > Vf, the plasma fast-mode speed, drive shocks that can accelerate seed particles to the high energies observed as SEP events in space as well as electrons […]