Are there Radio-quiet Solar Flares?
by Arnold Benz
Solar flares accelerate particles, and their distribution is usually non-thermal. Non-thermal electrons are prone to velocity space instabilities driving various plasma waves which, in turn, couple into observable radio waves. Such coherent emissions are the result of the combined action of many electrons organized by kinetic plasma waves and can therefore be extremely efficient. Small coherent radio bursts at the limit of present routine observations emit an energy of some […]