The Observed Characteristics of Flare Energy Release. I. Magnetic Structure at the Energy Release Site

Machado, Marcos E., Ronald L. Moore, Ana M. Hernandez, Marta G. Rovira, Mona J. Hagyard, and Jr. Smith, Jesse B., The Observed Characteristics of Flare Energy Release. I. Magnetic Structure at the Energy Release Site, ApJ, 326, 425 (1988) (ADS)

The cartoon

(click on the image for a larger version)

This is the fruit of thinking based upon early soft X-ray and HXIS hard X-ray observations of flares (HXIS was the amazing imager on SMM, known for its discovery of hard X-ray footpoint sources. The paper attempts to classify macroscopic structures in the solar atmosphere, referred to in terms of "bipoles", "shear", and other things that sound kind of technical but are a bit subjective. The Archivist thinks that an "ejective flare" would have to be called a CME nowadays, but note the complete absence of open field (ie, the heliosphere) in this cartoon, the source of energy for the whole process according to Kopp & Pneuman.

Date: 2010 April 21

Update: 2019 November 26