Evidence for a Two-Component Injection of Cosmic Rays from the Solar Flare of 1969, March 30
Palmer, I. D. and S. F. Smerd, Evidence for a Two-Component Injection of Cosmic Rays from the Solar Flare of 1969, March 30, Sol. Phys., 26, 460-467 (1972) (ADS)
(click on the image for a larger version)
This cartoon describes the heliospheric consequences of one of the
Sun's most memorable flares, namely the prototype coronal [1]
hard X-ray source in the event SOL1969-03-30.
The flare and its consequences (including the inference of a CME)
were well-observed by many modern-sounding facilities even in
spite of its occurrence in a dimly remembered bygone era - almost
half a century ago!
These facilities included hard X-rays from the OSO-5 satellite, the
Culgoora long-wavelength radioheliograph, a microwave interferometer in
Japan, and as many as six independent platforms for cosmic-ray
observation scattered loosely about the heliosphere.
Note that this excellent array of instruments led to a cartoon featuring an
interesting ducted fast-mode wave,
rather than a global blast wave
or a CME bow wave.
This is a topical matter even today, and these authors
probably saw things more clearly than many latter-day pundits.
The paper made the case for a two-stage acceleration process in events
of this type, or related.
Note the peculiar lack of refraction in the wave front, which blithely
ignores the Huyghens Principle.
This cartoon describes the heliospheric consequences of one of the Sun's most memorable flares, namely the prototype coronal [1] hard X-ray source in the event SOL1969-03-30. The flare and its consequences (including the inference of a CME) were well-observed by many modern-sounding facilities even in spite of its occurrence in a dimly remembered bygone era - almost half a century ago! These facilities included hard X-rays from the OSO-5 satellite, the Culgoora long-wavelength radioheliograph, a microwave interferometer in Japan, and as many as six independent platforms for cosmic-ray observation scattered loosely about the heliosphere. Note that this excellent array of instruments led to a cartoon featuring an interesting ducted fast-mode wave, rather than a global blast wave or a CME bow wave. This is a topical matter even today, and these authors probably saw things more clearly than many latter-day pundits. The paper made the case for a two-stage acceleration process in events of this type, or related.
Note the peculiar lack of refraction in the wave front, which blithely ignores the Huyghens Principle.
[1] Badillo et al. 1969