Energetic particles related with coronal and interplanetary shocks

Nat Gopalswamy

The current paradigm for solar energetic particles (SEPs) is that impulsive, short-lived SEP events are due to flares and the large, gradual, long-lived events are accelerated in CME-driven shocks. The SEPs seem to be released when the associated CMEs are within a few solar radii from the Sun. Accelerated electrons are inferred from type II radio bursts, and sometimes by in situ observations. Ions on the other hand are exclusively detected by in situ instruments. In this talk, I combine observations from radio and optical and in situ observations to obtain a consistent picture of the SEP events. In particular, I will use data obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO, CMEs), Wind (radio bursts), and GOES (SEP) over the course of solar cycle 23. I will also compare the relative influence of flares and CMEs deciding the properties of the SEP events.