Studies on a very flare-active 𝛿 group: Peculiar 𝛿 spot evolution and inferred subsurface magnetic rope structure

Tanaka, Katsuo, Studies on a very flare-active 𝛿 group: Peculiar 𝛿 spot evolution and inferred subsurface magnetic rope structure, Sol. Phys., 136, 133-149 (1991) (ADS)

The cartoon

(click on the image for a larger version)

Three views of flux emergence, describing how a pre-formed subphotospheric structure can map onto a time-dependent morphology at the photosphere as it bodily rises, maintaining its coherence at least below the photosphere. Once emerged it could form the basis for an actual eruption, as per CSHKP.

Date: 2019 November 25