The Source Regions of Solar Energetic Particles Detected by Widely Separated Spacecraft

Park, Jinhye, D. E. Innes, R. Bucik, and Y. J. Moon, The Source Regions of Solar Energetic Particles Detected by Widely Separated Spacecraft, ApJ, 779, 184 (2013) (ADS)

The cartoon

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This cartoon's paper documents a very nice correlation between the arrival time of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the heliographic distance of the source flare and the spacecraft's magnetic footprint on the photosphere. This makes use of the two STEREO spacecraft and the data from ACE, nearer to the Earth. One possible explanation is as shown, namely that the wave itself, in the chromosphere or low corona, dictates the particle injection. Other plausible explanations might be possible.

Date: 2019 December 10