A Model for the Escape of Solar-flare-accelerated Particles
Masson, S., S. K. Antiochos, and C. R. DeVore, A Model for the Escape of Solar-flare-accelerated Particles, ApJ, 771, 82 (2013) (ADS)
(click on the image for a larger version)
Solar energetic particles and flare particles may be related, but this
poses a problem with standard flare models such as CSHKP even
when extended to 3D: they don't have open fields, and the SEPs of course
are found only there.
This cartoon nicely describes the problem, and the paper
goes on to
offer a solution in the form of a second reconnection episode.
In principle this external reconnection could allow cross-field
transport that would link flare particles with the outside world.
The basic idea has been around since
1990 at least, but now it
can be modeled better, at least if one is comfortable with the MHD
approximations.
Solar energetic particles and flare particles may be related, but this poses a problem with standard flare models such as CSHKP even when extended to 3D: they don't have open fields, and the SEPs of course are found only there. This cartoon nicely describes the problem, and the paper goes on to offer a solution in the form of a second reconnection episode. In principle this external reconnection could allow cross-field transport that would link flare particles with the outside world. The basic idea has been around since 1990 at least, but now it can be modeled better, at least if one is comfortable with the MHD approximations.