Solar Flare X-Ray Burst on September 28, 1961

Anderson, K. A. and J. R. Winckler, Solar Flare X-Ray Burst on September 28, 1961, Journal of Geophysical Research, 67, 4103-4117 (1962) (ADS)

The cartoon

(click on the image for a larger version)

This cartoon resulted from (maybe) the second good observation of a hard X-ray burst from a solar flare, following that of Peterson and Winckler. This one with had good microwave and meter-wave data as well and did a lot to implicate type III bursts and particle beams in general. The paper was therefore one of the fundamental observational ones in the nascent fields of solar high-energy astrophysics and plasma astrophysics Based on flare SOL1961-09-28, at the dawn of X-ray flare history, the paper draws important conclusions about footpoint and coronal relationships. This cartoon possibly inspired the thick-target model, still actively pursued although still just a 1D toy model.

      To get a good feeling for the state of the art in this period of antiquity, dig up a copy of the Goddard AAS-NASA conference proceedings SP-50 (1963). It is full of wonderful papers, figures, and discussions by many legendary people.

Date: 2009 May 05

Update: 2019 February 09