Source of Energetic Protons in the 2014 September 1 Sustained Gamma-ray Emission Event

An excellent example of a well-crafted cartoon that implies a quite specific prediction. It basically follows the now-traditional Cliver cartoon in emphasizing the flanks of the CME-driven shock wave as the site of particle (SEPs) acceleration. The prediction here is that the "precipitation" of these particles would be in dimming regions D1 and D2, i.e. open fields rather than in the closed fields associated with the the CSHKP current sheet. This open/closed distinction should be put to an observational text. Models certainly leave this as a possibility, even though the Archivist still has qualms about the mirror force; presumably the squiggles labeled P here are quite close to the Sun to avoid this issue.